Abstract
In obstetric clinical practice, delayed delivery of remaining fetuses in multiple pregnancies after delivery of the first fetus during a second-trimester miscarriage or very early preterm birth can be an alternative for the obstetricians since it could prolong the pregnancy until a gestational age which confers better perinatal outcomes for the remaining fetuses. Currently, there is no consensus on the optimal management of these cases, and giving the most appropriate parental information on the treatment’s potential consequences is challenging. This review presents the benefits, the potential risks and proposes best-practice management plan for the management of delayed-interval delivery based on the current literature.
References
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14. Goldenberg RL, Hauth JC, Andrews WW. Intrauterine Infection and Preterm Delivery. 2000;342(20):1500-07.
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17. Doger E, Cakiroglu Y, Ceylan Y, Kole E, Ozkan S, Caliskan E. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes of delayed interval delivery in cerclage and non-cerclage cases: an analysis of 20 multiple pregnancies. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research. 2014;40(7):1853-61.
18. Zhang J, Johnson CD, Hoffman M. Cervical cerclage in delayed interval delivery in a multifetal pregnancy: a review of seven case series. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology. 2003;108(2):126-30.
19. Committee Opinion No. 713. August 2017, Reaffirmed 2020 Summary: Antenatal Corticosteroid Therapy for Fetal Maturation Obstetrics and gynecology. 2020;130(2):493-94; Alison G. Cahill, Anjali J. Kaimal. Use of Antenatal Corticosteroids at 22 Weeks of Gestation: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 2022 [cited 2022 27 June]. Available from: https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2021/09/use-of-antenatal-corticosteroids-at-22-weeks-of-gestation.
20. Zheng XQ, Yan JY, Xu RL, Wang XC, Li LY, Lin Z. An analysis of the maternal and infant outcomes in the delayed interval delivery of twins. Taiwanese journal of obstetrics & gynecology. 2020;59(3):361-65.
21. N. Klearhou AM, S. Pepes, A. Daniilidis, D. Rousso, and V. Karagiannis. Delayed interval delivery in twin pregnancy: a case report. Hippokratia. 2007;11(1):44-46.
22. de Frias CAS, Queirós A, Simões HTF. Delayed-Interval Delivery in Dichorionic Twin Pregnancies: A Case Report of 154 Latency Days. Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia. 2020;42(1):61-64; Imachi Y, Hidaka N, Kai S, Hachisuga M, Kato K. Prolongation of Second Twin's Delivery Until Term: A Rare Case of Delayed-Interval Delivery. Clinical medicine & research. 2019;17(1-2):37-40; Khashu M, Narayanan M, Bhargava S, Osiovich H. Perinatal outcomes associated with preterm birth at 33 to 36 weeks' gestation: a population-based cohort study. Pediatrics. 2009;123(1):109-13.
23. Oyelese Y, Ananth CV, Smulian JC, Vintzileos AM. Delayed interval delivery in twin pregnancies in the United States: Impact on perinatal mortality and morbidity. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2005;192(2):439-44.
24. Uhm YK, Kim SM, Lee J, Oh KJ, Kim BJ, Park C-W, et al. 594: Neonatal survival and morbidity advantages of delayed interval delivery. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2015;212(1):S296.
25. Rosbergen M, Vogt HP, Baerts W, van Eyck J, Arabin B, van Nimwegen-Hamberg JM, et al. Long-term and short-term outcome after delayed-interval delivery in multi-fetal pregnancies. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology. 2005;122(1):66-72
2. Roman AS, Fishman S, Fox N, Klauser C, Saltzman D, Rebarber A. Maternal and neonatal outcomes after delayed-interval delivery of multifetal pregnancies. American journal of perinatology. 2011;28(2):91-6.
3. Cheung KW, Seto MTY, Wang W, Lai CWS, Kilby MD, Ng EHY. Effect of delayed interval delivery of remaining fetus(es) in multiple pregnancies on survival: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2020;222(4):306-19.e18.
4. Feys S, Jacquemyn Y. Delayed-interval delivery can save the second twin: evidence from a systematic review. Facts, views & vision in ObGyn. 2016;8(4):223-31.
5. Bouey NJ, Saha S, Wilson-Costello D, Walsh M, Rysavy M, Wyckoff M, et al. Delayed-Interval Delivery in Multiple Gestation Pregnancies: Neonatal Mortality, Morbidity, and Development. Pediatrics. 2021;147(3_MeetingAbstract):690-91.
6. Carson J. Twins born with an interval of fortyfour days. Br Med J 1880;1:242.
7. Fayad S, Bongain A, Holhfeld P, Janky E, Durand-Réville M, Ejnes L, et al. Delayed delivery of second twin: a multicentre study of 35 cases. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology. 2003;109(1):16-20.
8. J. M. Tzafettas GF, D. Delkos. Asynchronous delivery of twins and triplets with an interval period ranging from 48 hours to 19 weeks. Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2004;31(1):53–55.
9. Tran P, Desveaux C, Barau G. Delayed-Interval Delivery in Multifetal Pregnancy: A Review and Guidelines for Management. Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2015;5.
10. Kolben T, Fischer D, Ruehl I, Franz M, Hester A, Kolben TM, et al. Delayed interval delivery in multiple gestations: the Munich experience. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics. 2019;299(2):339-44.
11. Arabin B, van Eyck J. Delayed-interval delivery in twin and triplet pregnancies: 17 years of experience in 1 perinatal center. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2009;200(2):154.e1-54.e8.
12. Farkouh LJ, Sabin ED, Heyborne KD, Lindsay LG, Porreco RP. Delayed-interval delivery: extended series from a single maternal-fetal medicine practice. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2000;183(6):1499-503.
13. Cristinelli S, Fresson J, André M, Monnier-Barbarino P. Management of delayed-interval delivery in multiple gestations. Fetal diagnosis and therapy. 2005;20(4):285-90.
14. Goldenberg RL, Hauth JC, Andrews WW. Intrauterine Infection and Preterm Delivery. 2000;342(20):1500-07.
15. Kenyon S, Boulvain M, Neilson JP. Antibiotics for preterm rupture of membranes. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2010(8):Cd001058.
16. Practice Bulletin No. 171: Management of Preterm Labor. Obstetrics and gynecology. 2016;128(4):e155-64.
17. Doger E, Cakiroglu Y, Ceylan Y, Kole E, Ozkan S, Caliskan E. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes of delayed interval delivery in cerclage and non-cerclage cases: an analysis of 20 multiple pregnancies. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research. 2014;40(7):1853-61.
18. Zhang J, Johnson CD, Hoffman M. Cervical cerclage in delayed interval delivery in a multifetal pregnancy: a review of seven case series. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology. 2003;108(2):126-30.
19. Committee Opinion No. 713. August 2017, Reaffirmed 2020 Summary: Antenatal Corticosteroid Therapy for Fetal Maturation Obstetrics and gynecology. 2020;130(2):493-94; Alison G. Cahill, Anjali J. Kaimal. Use of Antenatal Corticosteroids at 22 Weeks of Gestation: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 2022 [cited 2022 27 June]. Available from: https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2021/09/use-of-antenatal-corticosteroids-at-22-weeks-of-gestation.
20. Zheng XQ, Yan JY, Xu RL, Wang XC, Li LY, Lin Z. An analysis of the maternal and infant outcomes in the delayed interval delivery of twins. Taiwanese journal of obstetrics & gynecology. 2020;59(3):361-65.
21. N. Klearhou AM, S. Pepes, A. Daniilidis, D. Rousso, and V. Karagiannis. Delayed interval delivery in twin pregnancy: a case report. Hippokratia. 2007;11(1):44-46.
22. de Frias CAS, Queirós A, Simões HTF. Delayed-Interval Delivery in Dichorionic Twin Pregnancies: A Case Report of 154 Latency Days. Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia. 2020;42(1):61-64; Imachi Y, Hidaka N, Kai S, Hachisuga M, Kato K. Prolongation of Second Twin's Delivery Until Term: A Rare Case of Delayed-Interval Delivery. Clinical medicine & research. 2019;17(1-2):37-40; Khashu M, Narayanan M, Bhargava S, Osiovich H. Perinatal outcomes associated with preterm birth at 33 to 36 weeks' gestation: a population-based cohort study. Pediatrics. 2009;123(1):109-13.
23. Oyelese Y, Ananth CV, Smulian JC, Vintzileos AM. Delayed interval delivery in twin pregnancies in the United States: Impact on perinatal mortality and morbidity. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2005;192(2):439-44.
24. Uhm YK, Kim SM, Lee J, Oh KJ, Kim BJ, Park C-W, et al. 594: Neonatal survival and morbidity advantages of delayed interval delivery. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2015;212(1):S296.
25. Rosbergen M, Vogt HP, Baerts W, van Eyck J, Arabin B, van Nimwegen-Hamberg JM, et al. Long-term and short-term outcome after delayed-interval delivery in multi-fetal pregnancies. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology. 2005;122(1):66-72
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